The FIK is a non-governmental organization, and it aims to promote and popularize kendo, iaido and jodo. It is an international federation of national and regional kendo federations, and the world governing body for kendo. The International Kendo Federation (FIK) was founded in April 1970. It was formed on the principle of kendo not as a martial art, but as educational sport and it has continued to be practiced as such to this day. The All Japan Kendo Federation (AJKF or ZNKR) was founded in 1952, immediately after Japan's independence was restored and the ban on martial arts in Japan was lifted. Kendo was allowed to return to the curriculum in 1950, first as "shinai competition" ( 竹刀競技, shinai kyōgi ) and then as kendo in 1952. This was part of "the removal and exclusion from public life of militaristic and ultra-nationalistic persons" in response to the wartime militarization of martial arts instruction in Japan. Kendo (along with other martial arts) was banned in Japan in 1946 by the occupying powers. It changed the name of the sporting form of swordsmanship, gekiken, ( Kyūjitai: 擊劍 and Shinjitai: 撃剣, "hitting sword") to kendō in 1920. The Dai Nippon Butoku Kai (DNBK) was established in 1895 to promote martial arts in Japan. Lee Teng-hui, later President of Republic of China (Taiwan), wearing kendo protector as a junior high school student in Japanese Taiwan While Junsa Kyōshūjo remained active only until 1881, the police continued to support such practice. In the same year, Kawaji wrote another book on swordsmanship, Kendo Saikō-ron (Revitalizing Kendo), defending the significance of such sword art training for the police. The Junsa Kyōshūjo (Patrolman's Training Institute), founded in 1879, provided a curriculum that allowed policemen to study gekiken during their off-hours. He draws a particular example from his experience with the Satsuma Rebellion. In 1878, Kawaji wrote a book on swordsmanship, Gekiken Saikō-ron (Revitalizing Swordsmanship), stressing sword styles should not disappear with modernization, but should be integrated as necessary skills for the police. This integration effort led to the development of modern kendo. However, it proved difficult to integrate all sword arts, leading to a compromise of ten practice moves ( kata) for police training. Drawn Sword Corps), consisting mainly of sword-wielding policemen. This led to the rise of the Battotai (抜刀隊, lit. Meanwhile, in an attempt to standardize the sword styles ( kenjutsu) used by policemen, Kawaji Toshiyoshi recruited swordsmen from various schools to come up with a unified swordsmanship style. In 1876, five years after a voluntary surrender of swords, the government banned the use of swords by the surviving samurai and initiated sword hunts. After the Meiji Restoration in the late 1800s, Sakakibara Kenkichi popularized public gekiken for commercial gain, resulting in increased interest in kendo and kenjutsu. Modern kendo techniques, such as Suriage-Men and Oikomi-Men, were originally Hokushin Ittō-ryū techniques, were named by Chiba Shūsaku. Due to the large number of students of the Hokushin Ittō-ryū Hyōhō at the end of the Edo period, the use of bamboo swords and armor as a form of practice became popular. Shūsaku Narimasa Chiba ( 千葉 周作 成政, 1792-1855), founder of the Hokushin Ittō-ryū Hyōhō (北辰一刀流兵法), introduced gekiken (撃剣) (full contact duels with bamboo swords and training armor) to the curriculum of tradition arts in the 1820s. Naganuma Sirozaemon Kunisato ( 長沼四郎左衛門国郷, 1688-1767) inherited the tradition from his father Heizaemon in 1708, and the two of them collaborated to improve what would become modern kendo training armor. He is also credited with refining the armor by adding a metal grille to the headpiece (面 men) and thick cotton protective coverings to the gauntlets (小手 kote). Yamada Heizaemon Mitsunori (Ippūsai) ( 山田平左衛門光徳(一風斎), 1638–1718), third son of Naganuma and the 8th headmaster of the Kashima Shinden Jikishinkage-ryū Kenjutsu, is credited with improving the art with Japanese wooden and bamboo swords, according to his gravestone's inscription. Naganuma developed the use of this armor and established a training method using bamboo swords. The introduction of bamboo practice swords and armor to sword training is attributed to Naganuma Shirōzaemon Kunisato ( 長沼 四郎左衛門 国郷, 1688–1767) during the Shotoku Era (1711–1715).
They are still studied today, in a modified form. Formal kendo exercises known as kata were developed several centuries ago as kenjutsu practice for warriors.
These continued for centuries and form the basis of kendo practice today. Swordsmen in Japan established schools of kenjutsu (the ancestor of kendo). Takasugi Shinsaku, late Edo period kendo practitioner
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